Ma motors owongolera amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pakuwongolera liwiro ndi malo komanso ngati "ma actuators" pamakina owongolera. Iwo akhoza kugawidwa mu servo motors, stepper motors,ma torque motors, ma motors osafuna kusintha, ma brushless DC motors, ndi zina zotero.
1. Ma seva
Ma Servo motors amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamakina osiyanasiyana owongolera kuti asinthe ma voliyumu olowera kukhala makina otulutsa pa shaft yamoto ndikukoka zida zowongolera kuti akwaniritse zolinga. Nthawi zambiri, ma servo motors amafunikira kuti liwiro lozungulira la injini liziwongoleredwa ndi chizindikiro chowonjezera chamagetsi; liwiro lozungulira lingasinthidwe mosalekeza ndi kusintha kwa chizindikiro chowonjezera chamagetsi; torque imatha kuwongoleredwa ndi zomwe zikuchitika kuchokera kwa wowongolera; chiwonetsero chagalimoto chiyenera kukhala chofulumira, voliyumu iyenera kukhala yaying'ono, ndipo mphamvu yolamulira iyenera kukhala yaying'ono. Ma Servo motors amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamakina osiyanasiyana owongolera zoyenda, makamaka maotsatira.Mota ya Servo ili ndi DC ndi AC, mota ya servo yoyambirira kwambiri ndi mota wamba ya DC, kuwongolera kulondola sikuli kokwera, musanagwiritse ntchito DC wamba. injini ngati servo motor. Panopa ndi mofulumira chitukuko chamaginito okhazikika synchronous motormatekinoloje, ma servo motors ambiri ndi ma AC okhazikika maginito a synchronous servo motors kapena DC brushless motors.
2. Stepper motor
Zomwe zimatchedwastepper motandi actuator yomwe imatembenuza ma pulse amagetsi kukhala osasunthika; kuti tifotokoze momveka bwino: pamene woyendetsa stepper alandira chizindikiro cha pulse, amayendetsa galimoto ya stepper kuti azungulire ngodya yokhazikika mu njira yokhazikitsidwa. Titha kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa ma pulse kuti tiwongolere kusamutsidwa kwamakona agalimoto, kuti tikwaniritse cholinga chokhazikika; nthawi yomweyo, mutha kuwongoleranso kuchuluka kwa ma pulses kuti muwongolere liwiro la kuzungulira kwagalimoto ndi kuthamangitsa, kuti mukwaniritse cholinga chowongolera liwiro. Pakadali pano, ma stepper motors omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri amaphatikiza ma reactive stepper motors (VR), maginito okhazikika a maginito (PM), ma hybrid stepper motors (HB) ndi ma single-phase stepper motors.
Kusiyana pakati pa stepper motor ndi motor wamba kumakhala makamaka mu mawonekedwe a pulse drive, ndipo ndi gawo ili lomwe limalola ma stepper motors kuphatikizidwa ndiukadaulo wamakono wowongolera digito. Komabe, motor stepper ndi yotsika poyerekeza ndi mota ya DC servo yachikhalidwe yotsekeka potengera kulondola kowongolera, kusintha kwa liwiro, komanso magwiridwe antchito otsika; choncho, amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pazochitika zomwe zofunikira zolondola sizili zapamwamba kwambiri. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake osavuta, odalirika kwambiri komanso otsika mtengo, mota ya stepper imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magawo osiyanasiyana opangira; makamaka m'munda wa CNC makina chida kupanga, chifukwa galimoto stepper safuna A / D kutembenuka, ndipo akhoza mwachindunji kusintha digito kugunda zizindikiro mu kusamutsidwa ang'ono, choncho nthawi zonse ankaona ngati abwino CNC makina chida actuating chinthu.
Kuphatikiza pakugwiritsa ntchito zida zamakina a CNC, ma stepper motors atha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito m'makina ena, monga ma motors mu feeder automatic, monga ma motors ambiri-cholinga floppy disk drives, komanso osindikiza ndi mapulani.
Kuphatikiza apo, ma stepper motors alinso ndi zolakwika zambiri; chifukwa kukhalapo palibe katundu chiyambi pafupipafupi ma stepper motors, kotero stepper galimoto akhoza kuthamanga bwinobwino pa liwiro otsika, koma ngati apamwamba kuposa ena liwiro sangathe anayambitsa, limodzi ndi lakuthwa mluzu phokoso; opanga osiyana a ogawanika pagalimoto mwatsatanetsatane akhoza amasiyana kwambiri, lalikulu gawo ogawanika olondola ndi zovuta kulamulira; ndi, stepper Motors atembenuza pa liwiro otsika pamene yaikulu kugwedera ndi phokoso.
3. Ma injini a torque
Chomwe chimatchedwa torque motor ndi yathyathyathya yokhala ndi magineti okhazikika a DC motor. Zida zake zimakhala ndi mipata yambiri, ma commutator plates ndi ma conductor angapo kuti achepetse kugunda kwa torque ndi kuthamanga kwa liwiro. Pali mitundu iwiri ya ma torque motors: DC torque motors ndi AC torque motors.
Pakati pawo, mota ya torque ya DC imakhala ndi kachitidwe kakang'ono kwambiri kodzipangira, kotero kuyankha kwake ndikwabwino kwambiri; makokedwe ake linanena bungwe ndi molingana ndi athandizira panopa, popanda liwiro ndi malo ozungulira; imatha kulumikizidwa mwachindunji ndi katundu pa liwiro lotsika m'malo otsekedwa popanda kuchepetsa zida, kotero imatha kutulutsa chiŵerengero chapamwamba kwambiri cha torque-to-inertia muzitsulo za katunduyo ndipo imatha kuthetsa zolakwika mwadongosolo chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito magiya ochepetsera. .
Ma mota a torque a AC amatha kugawidwa m'mitundu yofananira komanso yofananira, ndipo mtundu womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi gologolo khola la asynchronous torque motor, lomwe limadziwika ndi liwiro lotsika komanso torque yayikulu. Nthawi zambiri, ma torque a AC amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri pamakampani opanga nsalu. Mfundo yawo yogwirira ntchito ndi mawonekedwe ake ndi ofanana ndi amtundu umodzi wa asynchronous motors, koma mawonekedwe awo amakina amakhala ocheperako chifukwa cha kukana kwakukulu kwa rotor ya gologolo.
4. Anasintha kukana injini
The switched reluctance motor ndi mtundu watsopano wamagalimoto othamanga omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe osavuta komanso olimba, otsika mtengo komanso magwiridwe antchito apamwamba kwambiri, omwe amapikisana nawo mwamphamvu pama mota owongolera azikhalidwe ndipo ali ndi mwayi wamsika wamphamvu. Komabe, pali zovuta monga torque pulsation, phokoso lantchito ndi kugwedezeka, zomwe zimafunikira nthawi kuti ziwongoleredwe ndikuwongoleredwa kuti zigwirizane ndi msika weniweniwo.
5. Ma motors a DC opanda brush
Ma motors a Brushless DC (BLDCM) amatengera ma mota a DC burashi, koma ma drive awo apano ndi AC wosaipitsidwa; ma brushless DC motors amatha kugawidwanso kukhala ma brushless rate mota ndi ma brushless torque motors. Nthawi zambiri, ma motors opanda maburashi amakhala ndi mitundu iwiri ya mafunde agalimoto, imodzi ya trapezoidal (nthawi zambiri "square") ndi inayo sinusoidal. Yoyamba nthawi zina imatchedwa brushless DC motor, ndipo yomalizayo imatchedwa AC servomotor, yomwenso ndi mtundu wa AC servomotor.
Ma motors a Brushless DC nthawi zambiri amakhala "ocheperako" omanga kuti achepetse nthawi ya inertia. Ma motors a Brushless DC ndi ocheperako kulemera ndi voliyumu kuposa ma motors a DC opukutidwa, ndipo mphindi yofananira ya inertia imatha kuchepetsedwa ndi 40% -50%. Chifukwa cha mavuto processing wa zipangizo okhazikika maginito, brushless DC Motors zambiri mphamvu zosakwana 100kW.
Mitundu yamtundu wamtunduwu wamakina amtundu wamtunduwu ndi mawonekedwe amalamulo a mzere wabwino, liwiro lalitali, moyo wautali, kukonza kosavuta komanso phokoso lotsika, palibe burashi yomwe imayamba chifukwa cha zovuta zingapo, kotero mtundu uwu wagalimoto mu dongosolo lowongolera uli ndi kuthekera kwakukulu ntchito.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-03-2024
